BABI NA BAKWAI: MA’ANAR KWAYAR CUTAR KWAMFUTA - KIMIYYAR NAURA MAI KWAKWALWA 39

BABI NA BAKWAI

7.0 MA’ANAR KWAYAR CUTAR KWAMFUTA

Idan aka ce Kwayar cutar kwamfuta ana nufin wani software ne da aka kirkira ko aka shirya shi don ya dinga kwaikwayon siffa da kanshi kuma ya yada siffar daga wani wajen zuwa wani alhali mai amfani da kwamfuta bai sani ba ko batare da ya bada damar yin hakan ba.

Kwayar cutar kwamfuta wani shiri ne wanda aka kirkira don ya yi shirya kanshi kuma ya kutsa kanshi zuwa ga wani shiri ya kuma hayayyafa ya yada kanshi ba tare da masaniyar mai amfani da kwamfuta ba.

Wasu shirye shirye zasu dinga aiki batare da sanin mai amfani da kwamfutar ba kuma su tilasta wasu shirye shirye daga cikin kwamfutar yin abin da ba donshi aka yisu ba. Wannan kalar kwayar cutar ana kiranta Warms, Trojan horses, da Droppers. Dukkan wadannan shirye shiryen wadanda suka kunshi kwayar cututtuka suna daga cikin shirye shirye da muka sansu da sunan (malware ko malicious-logic software). Idan ka sayi sabuwar kwamfuta, a wannan ranar yana da kyau ta fito da kunshin maganin kwayar cuta da za a saka a cikinta. Wannan bangaren yafi komai mahimmanci ga kwamfuta. Kada a dauki matsalar kwayar cutar kwamfuta da sauki, kwayar cutar tana lalata rayuwar kwamfuta gaba daya.

Kwayar cutar Kwamfuta wasu kwayoyin cuta ne da ake iya samunsu wajen sanyawa ko kwafi wanda idan ya samu wata kafa kai tsaye sai ya shiga a cikin wasu shiryeshiryen kwamfuta ko fayil ɗin da ke ƙunshe da bayanai ko ta kasance mai nauyi wajen yin (boot)ko (booting) a (hard drive) ɗin ta idan har wannan ƙwayar cutar ta yi nasarar shiga ko kama kwamfutar wannan shi ne za a iya cema (infected). 

Ƙwayar cutar ya kunshi wasu kashekashen (harmful activity) na (infected hosts) kamar tauye filin (hard disk) ko lokaci a CPU, ko ya rusa wasu boyayyayun bayanai, ya kan lalata bayanai. Haka kuma ba duk kanin ƙwayar cuta ke ƙoƙarin ɓoye kansu ba. Akwai wasu daga cikin kwayar cututtukan da ke ninninka kansu ga shirye-shiryen kwamfuta kuma su sa ka kansu ba tare da sanin mai amfani da kwamfuta ba.