KWAMFUTOCIN ZAMANI: KIMIYYAR NAURA MAI KWAKWALWA 14

2.1 KWAMFUTOCIN ZAMANI

Kwamfutar zamani na amafani da wutar lantarki ko kuma wani batiri na musamman da kuma wani yare da ake amfani dashi wajan basu umarni wato (software). Ɓangaren injin kwamfutar da ake kira (hardware) ya ƙunshi wayoyin lantarki, taransisto (transistors), ƙwaƙwalwa (processor) da sauran kayyayakin da zaa iya maƙalawa a jikinta domin tayi aiki.

A ɓangaren tsari da kuma yaren da ake bata umarni ta wajen sarrafa kwamfuta shi ake kira da suna (software).

Dukkan kwamfuta tana ƙunshe ne da ɓangarorin (hardware) kamar haka: -

1.	Ƙwaƙwalwa (Memory) ko (RAM) wurin tara bayanai.	A nan ne kwamfuta ke tara bayanai na wucin-gadi, umarni da ayyukan da aka bata ko kuma zatayi.
2.	(Mass Storage) wurin ajiye bayanai na dindindin.	Shine wurin da ake ajiyar bayanai na dindindin har sai an nemi ta goge su.
3.	(Input Devices) Na’urorin shigar da bayanai ko karɓar umarni	Ta waɗannan kafafene ake iya bata umurni ko a shigar da bayanai na abinda akeso. A takaice dai  allon rubutu (keyboard) da kuma linzamin kwamfuta wato (mouse) ko ace kusu (Ɓera).
4.	(Output Devices) Na’urorin da ake fitar da bayanai ko kuma umurnin da aka ba kwamfuta.	Ta waɗannan kafafene take fitar da bayanai ga mai sarrafata. A takaice dai shine abin kallo ko kuma a ce allon majigi (Monitor) ko kuma (Display Screen) da kuma lasifika wato (Speaker) ko injin daɓ’i (Printer) da sauransu.
5.	(Central Processing Unit)	Wannan shine zuciyar kwamfuta wanda yake aiwatar da dukkanin ayyuka. Wani ƙarin bayani gameda waɗannan ɓangarori da muka lissafa shine; dukkaninsu suna haɗe ne da juna ta hanyar wayoyin da ake kira (BUS). Ta wannan hanyoyine bayanai suke tafiya daga wannan ɓangare zuwa wancan, har a cimma aiwatar da abinda ake so a aiwatar na umarni.