BABI NA SHIDA: WANENE BABAN KWAMFUTA - KIMIYYAR NAURA MAI KWAKWALWA 35

BABI NA SHIDA

6.0 WANENE BABAN KWAMFUTA

Muna da ɗaruruwan mutane waɗanda suka bayarda kaso mai yawa na gudummawarsu don a cimma nasara ga kimiyyar kwamfuta. Amma duk da wannan bayanin nawa baza a rasa wanda shi ne tushe da ga cikin waɗan nan mutane ba, haka kuma a kwai wanda shi ne uba ga ita kanta kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka wadda dukkaninmu ita muka fi sani a yau.

Kamar yadda aka sani cewa Carles Babbage shi ne wanda aka yi yakini da cewa shi neuban kwamfuta, bayan ƙirƙiro (analytical engine) da ya yi a shekarar 1837. Shi (analytical engine) ya ƙunshi wani abu da ake cema (arithmetic logic unit) ALU, da sauƙaƙaƙƙen (flow control) da kuma (integrated memory). Daga nan wannan kwamfuta ba a sake ƙerata ba lokacin da Charles Babbage yake a raye. Haka kuma a shekarar 1910. Henry Babbage, ƙaramin ɗan Charles Babbage ya cigaba don ya kammala aikin wannan inji wanda ke aiki don sauƙaƙa lissafi.

Shi ma Babbage bai kammala wannan aikin ba a cikin rayuwarshi, hikimominshi da gudummuwar shi da ya bayar su ne sukasa shima ya zama baban kwamfuta

Kamar yadda na faɗa a baya, akwai mutane da yawa da za a iya dubawa kuma su cancanci zama ubannan kwamfuta, waɗanda suka haɗa da Alan Turing, John Atanasoff da kuma John von Neumann. Haka kuma a sanadiyar wannan kundi za muje mu binciko Konrad Zuse a matsayin baban kwamfuta da kuma ire-iren cigaban da ya kawo na Z1, Z2, Z3 da kuma Z4.

A shekarar 1936 zuwa 1938 Konrad Zuse ya ƙirƙiro Z1 a cikin ɗakin da mahaifansa ke zama. Shi Z1 ya ƙunshi sassan karafa sama da 30,000 kuma wannan shi ne abu na farko da aka fara na (electro-mechanical binary programmable computer) a shekarar 1939, (German Military Commissioned) suka nemi Zuse da ya fito da Z2, wanda yake shine yafi girma akan Z1. Bayan wannan, ya kuma kammala Z3 a watan Mayu a shekarar 1941, shi dai Z3 an (revolutionary computer) a lokacin shi, sannan kuma an dubeshi a matsayin (electromechanical) da (program–controlled computer). A ƙarshe, cikin watan Juli, sha biyu a shekarar 1950 (12/07/1950), Zuse ya kammala kuma ya cigaba da aikin san a kwamfutar Z4, wanda wannan aikin na Z4 ne aka fara duba a matsayin kwamfutar kasuwanci (commercial computer).